Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Waste Water by Using Natural and Synthetic Adsorbents: a Review

Contaminated water is the primary source of any disease. Water may be contaminated by number of pollutants and dyes are one of them. Malachite green (MG) dye is widely used as biocide in the aquaculture industry to controls fungal attacks, protozoan infections and also used in food and textile industries for various purposes. Surface and ground water is contaminated with dyes due to discharge of untreated waste water from industries. Presence of malachite green in water causes serious health effects such as mutagenesis, teratogenecity, chromosomal, respiratory toxicity, fractures, and carcinogenesis which depend on exposure time, temperature and concentration of dye. Therefore, removal of malachite green from water by using various techniques is an essential concern for living beings as well as environment. This article represents the overall study for removal of malachite green dye from waste water by using natural and synthetic adsorbents. This study also provides a systematic ranking of natural and synthetic adsorbents on the basis of adsorption capacity, cost and toxicity. This study also identifies the knowledge gaps and human safety issues of these sorbents.